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The class 1 integron and complex gene cassettes among different species of clinical isolates in northern China were characterized in this study. 383 clinical isolates were obtained from northern China, and class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes widely distributed among gram negative clinical isolates was observed. We find that the class 1 integron showed positive correlation with multidrug resistance phenotype of gram negative bacteria. In addition, we find that isolates belonged to one species harbored different types of gene cassette arrays, while same types of gene cassette arrays were observed in different species of isolates. The diversity of gene cassette arrays among the isolates indicated the complexity of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates in northern China.
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Humans , Bacteria , Classification , Genetics , China , Hospitals, Public , Integrons , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the status of Ehrlichia (E.)chaffeensis and A naplasma (A.) phagocytophilum infection among farming populations and domestic animals in the rural area of Beijing,China.Methods Blood samples from 562 farmers and 163 blood samples including 90 goats,71 ox and 2 dogs,were collected.Specificity of IgG antibodies against E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum were tested by micro-indirect immunofluorescent assay (mIFA).16S rRNA genes of A.phagocytophilum were amplified from the domestic animal blood samples and products were sequenced and analyzed by nested PCR.Results The positive rates of E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum antibody were 16.5％ and 14.0％ respectively for farmers.The total positive rates of A.phagocytophilum were 2.3％ and 0 for both goats and oxen respectively.No antibody was found for the 2 tested dogs.The PCR positive rates were 48.9％ and 23.9％ for goats and oxen respectively.Three dominant varieties of A.phagocytophilum were demonstrated in goats and oxen.Conclusion The prevalence rates of E.chaffeensis and A.phagocytophilum were identified in the rural areas of Beijing.
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Objective To study the sero-epidemiological starus regarding Rickettsia (R.) typhi,Bartonella (B.) henselae and Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin.Methods Field epidemiological surveys were performed in 8 districts (county) of Tianjin city from 2007 to 2009.886 farmers were randomly recruited and their serum samples collected to detect the specific antibodies of R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi by micro-indirect immunoflorescence (IFA).Results The total antibody positive rates of R.typhi increased from 5.0% to 58.2% while B.heaselae had an increase from 2.6% to 14.5% and O.tsutsugamushi increased from 1.8% to 39.8%.Geographic distribution showed that farmers living in the central and southeast areas were higher than that in other areas.Conclusion Infections of both R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi in farmers from Tianjin areas were popular and the antibody positive rates ofR.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi had an annual increase.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect and mechanism of Salvia Injection (SI) in treating primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-four PNS children were randomly divided into conventional steroid treated group (20 cases) and conventional plus SI intervention treated group (24 cases), the levels of serum endothelin (ET), soluable interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, plasma ET and sIL-2R in PNS children were higher than those in healthy children significantly (P < 0.01). After treatment, the ET and sIL-2R levels were all obviously improved in both treated groups (P < 0.05) and the improvement in the conventional plus SI intervention treated group was more obvious, the difference between the two treated groups after treatment was significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Conventional treatment supplemented with SI could more effectively improve the levels of plasma ET and SIL-2R in treating PNS children, and hence alleviate the damage of renal tissue.</p>